Integrating Conceptual Frameworks in Mixed Methods Research: A Guide to Design and Application
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Abstract
Conceptual frameworks are critical yet often underdeveloped components of mixed methods research (MMR). This methodological paper presents a structured guide to integrating conceptual frameworks within major MMR designs to enhance coherence, theoretical grounding, and methodological rigor. It begins by clarifying the distinction between conceptual and theoretical frameworks and addressing common challenges in framework development, including methodological misalignment and fragmented integration. The paper introduces tailored conceptual models for three core MMR designs—Convergent Parallel, Explanatory Sequential, and Exploratory Sequential—illustrating how frameworks can systematically align research questions, data collection, analysis strategies, and integration points. Each framework includes visual representations that depict the flow of qualitative and quantitative strands and mechanisms for data integration, such as joint displays and connecting logics. By foregrounding the role of conceptual frameworks as scaffolds for inquiry, this study contributes practical tools and design logic to guide researchers in constructing methodologically sound mixed methods studies. It ultimately advocates for intentional framework use as a cornerstone of high-quality MMR.
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