Conflicts of Interest

Author COI Declarations

Authors must disclose any financial, personal, institutional, or other relationships that could influence or bias their work. All potential conflicts of interest must be declared upon submission and included in the published article. If no conflicts exist, authors should explicitly state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

Reviewer/Editor COI

Reviewers and editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have competing interests, including personal relationships, academic competition, or financial involvement. The journal ensures that all editorial decisions are made impartially and without undue influence.

Management of COI

The journal evaluates disclosed conflicts and may take appropriate actions, including assigning alternative reviewers or editors, requesting additional disclosures, or publishing conflict statements alongside the article. Failure to disclose conflicts may result in rejection, correction, or retraction.